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岂 曰 无 衣 ?

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发表于 2008-12-20 20:51 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=darkgreen><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">中国汉族的传统民族服饰,称为汉服。“汉服”一词的记载最早见于</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">“后数来朝贺,乐汉衣服制度”(《汉书》),元代修《辽史》时,开辟了“汉服”条。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p><FONT color=darkgreen size=4> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=darkgreen><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">汉服的由来可追溯到三皇五帝时期「黄帝之前,未有衣裳屋宇。及黄帝造屋宇,制衣服,营殡葬,万民故免存亡之难。」(《史记》卷一五帝本纪第一),黄帝垂衣裳(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">chang</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">)而天下治,汉服已具基本形式,经周朝的规范制式,到汉朝已全面完善并普及。汉服的基本款式大约有九类,又因其领口、袖型、束腰、裁剪方式等的不同变化演绎出几百种款式。从形制上看,主要有“上衣下裳”制(裳在古代指下裙)、“深衣”制(把上衣下裳缝连起来)、“襦裙”制(襦,即短衣),“通裁”制(长衫、外披)等类型。其中上衣下裳的冕服为帝王百官最隆重正式的礼服,深衣为士人官员的常服、百姓的礼服;袍衫为百官及士人常服,襦裙则为妇女喜爱的穿着。普通劳动人民一般上身着短衣,下穿长裤。穿戴搭配上男子常常戴冠、巾、帽等,形制多样;女子发髻梳成各种式样,并在发髻上佩带珠花、步摇等饰物,鬓发两侧饰博鬓,也有戴帷帽、盖头的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p><FONT color=darkgreen size=4> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=darkgreen><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">在未有考古实物支持的年代之前,汉服最早的出现应该是殷商时期。周代后期,由于政治、经济、思想文化都发生了急剧的变化诸侯国间的衣冠服饰及风俗习惯上都开始出现明显的不同,并创造深衣。冠服制也被纳入了“礼治”的范围,成了礼仪的表现形式,从此中国的冠服制更加详备。《礼记&#8226;深衣》孔氏正义曰</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">“所以称深衣者,以余服则,上衣下裳不相连,此深衣衣裳相连,被体深邃,故谓之深衣。”其制,详见《礼记&#8226;深衣》。深衣之制,实为古衣之首,深衣之领袖群衣,不独在其制度形式,且上下通服,在时间上,流行最久。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p><FONT color=darkgreen size=4> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=darkgreen><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">中国又称“华夏”,这一名称的由来就与汉服有关。《尚书正义》注:“冕服华章曰华,大国曰夏。”《左传正义&#8226;定公十年》疏:“中国有礼仪之大,故称夏;有章服之美,谓之华。”中国自古就被称为“衣冠上国、礼仪之邦”,而“衣冠”也成了文明的代名词。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">汉族的这一服饰制度自周代延续至明代,其基本特征没有大的改变,直到清初,这一服饰制度才逐渐走向崩溃。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">1644</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">年明朝灭亡后,清在与南明的战争中,清朝统治者为了削弱汉人的民族认同感,以达到统一中国的目的,而大力推行满族发型和满族服装,禁止人民穿戴汉族服饰,史称</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">剃发易服</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">” </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,这使得汉服逐渐消亡。当时孔子的后裔衍圣公孔闻謤上书多尔衮,请求保存孔府家服饰说:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">先圣为典礼之宗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">定礼之大要莫于冠服</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">……</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">惟臣家衣冠,三千年来未曾变易</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">……”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,遭到多尔衮拒绝。今天的旗袍、长衫、马褂都是以满族为主体的民族服饰的改良和发展而来。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p><FONT color=darkgreen size=4> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=darkgreen><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">参考资料:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">《古书解读初探》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt"><A href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/826826.htm" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><SPAN lang=EN-US>黄现璠</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">著</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">《<SPAN lang=EN-US><A title=春秋左传 href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%B7%A6%E4%BC%A0&amp;variant=zh-cn"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>春秋左传</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>·正义》、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">(《史记》卷一五帝本纪第一)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">《尚书正义》、《汉书》、《辽史》、《礼记</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">·</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">深衣》《诗经</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">·</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">小雅</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">·</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">斯干》《豳风</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">·</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">七月》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=darkgreen><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">《文献通考》卷一百一十三《王礼考</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">·</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">君臣冠冕服章》引《传授经》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>

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[LV.5]常住居民I

鲜花(5) 鸡蛋(0)
发表于 2008-12-20 21:18 | 显示全部楼层
貌似发错版块了?

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-12-20 21:28 | 显示全部楼层
这是散文应该没错吧?

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鲜花(0) 鸡蛋(0)
发表于 2008-12-20 21:58 | 显示全部楼层
水斑斑,字体如果再大点多好啊,我看不清楚嘛

[ 本帖最后由 暮烟红愁 于 2008-12-20 21:59 编辑 ]

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发表于 2008-12-21 10:34 | 显示全部楼层
虫子这篇文章,不只是于衣写衣,呵呵,佩服到了极至~

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发表于 2008-12-21 11:59 | 显示全部楼层
文章很有见地,学习了
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